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People often ask that the shape of I-beam and H-beam are similar, how to choose in actual application? Many people who have been in the construction industry for many years cannot explain it in detail.
Here is a detailed answer for everyone: Many people think that I-beam is the domestic name, and H-beam is the foreign name. In fact, this perception is wrong. H-beam and I-beam are different in shape, as shown in the figure below:
I-beam
I-beams are mainly divided into ordinary I-beams, light-duty I-beams and wide-flange I-beams. According to the height ratio of the flange to the web, it is further divided into wide, medium and narrow wide flange I-beams. The specifications produced by the first two are 10-60, that is, the corresponding height is 10 cm-60 cm.
At the same height, the lightweight I-beam has narrow flanges, thin webs, and light weight. The wide-flange I-beam is also called H-beam, and its cross-section is characterized by parallel legs and no slope on the inner side of the legs. It belongs to economic section steel, which is rolled on a four-high universal rolling mill, so it is also called "universal I-beam". Ordinary I-beam and light I-beam have become national standards.
As the name suggests, I-beam is a kind of "I"-shaped cross-section steel. The inner surface of the upper and lower flanges has an inclination, generally 1:6, making the flange thinner on the outside and thicker on the inside. The cross-sectional characteristics of the main plane vary greatly, and it is difficult to exert the strength characteristics just now in applications. Although thicker I-beams have also appeared on the I-beam market, the structure of the I-beam has determined its short board of torsion resistance.
H-beam
H-section steel is a kind of economical section and high-efficiency section with more optimized cross-sectional area distribution and more reasonable strength-to-weight ratio. It is named because its section is the same as the English letter "H". Since the various parts of the H-shaped steel are arranged at right angles, the H-shaped steel has the advantages of strong bending resistance, simple construction, cost saving and light structure weight in all directions, and has been widely used.
H-beam is a widely used profile in today's steel structure construction, and it has many differences compared with I-beam. The first is the flange, and the second is the inner surface of the flange without inclination, and the upper and lower surfaces are parallel. The section properties of H-beam are significantly better than traditional I-beam, channel steel and angle steel.
H-section steel is an economical section and high-efficiency section with a more optimized cross-sectional area distribution and a more reasonable strength-to-weight ratio. It is named because its section is the same as the English letter "H". The two outer sides of the H-beam have no slope and are straight. This makes the welding and splicing of H-beam easier than I-beam, and has better mechanical properties per unit weight, which can save a lot of materials and construction time.
The section of I-beam is well subjected to direct pressure and is resistant to tension, but the section size is too narrow to resist torsion. H steel is the opposite, both have their own advantages and disadvantages.
1. Regardless of whether the I-shaped steel is ordinary or light, since the cross-section size is relatively high and narrow, the moment of inertia of the two main sleeves of the cross-section is quite different. Therefore, it can generally only be used directly on its web. Components that are bent in the plane or form a lattice-type force component. It is not suitable to use axial compression components or components that are perpendicular to the plane of the web, which is also curved, which makes its application range very limited.
2. H-shaped steel belongs to high-efficiency and economical cutting profiles (others include cold-formed thin-walled steel, profiled steel, etc.). Due to the reasonable cross-sectional shape, they can make the steel more effective and improve the cutting capacity. Different from ordinary I-shaped steel, the flange of the H-shaped steel has been widened, and the inner and outer surfaces are usually parallel, which can facilitate the connection with high-strength bolts and other components. Its size constitutes a reasonable series, complete models, easy to design and select. (Except for I-beams for crane beams)
3. The flanges of H-beams are all of equal thickness, with rolled cross-sections and combined cross-sections composed of 3 plates welded. I-beams are all rolled sections. Due to poor production technology, the inner edge of the flange has a slope of 1:10. The rolling of H-beam is different from ordinary I-beam which only uses one set of horizontal rolls. Because of its wide flange and no slope (or small slope), it is necessary to add a set of vertical rolls for simultaneous rolling. , Its rolling process and equipment are more complicated than ordinary rolling mills. The maximum height of rolled h-beam that can be produced in China is 800mm, which can only be welded combined cross-section.
4. The side length of I-beam is small and the height is large, so it can only bear unidirectional force.
5. The H-shaped steel channel is deep and thick, and can withstand forces in two directions.
6. With the development of steel structure building, only I-beam is not enough, that is, thicker I-beam is easy to lose stability when used for load-bearing columns.
7. I-beams can only be used for beams, while H-beams can be used for structural load-bearing columns.
8. H-shaped steel is a kind of economical cross-section steel with better mechanical properties than I-beam. It is named because the shape of the cross-section is the same as the English letter "H". The flanges of hot-rolled H-beams are wider than I-beams, with greater lateral stiffness and stronger bending resistance. Under the same specifications, H-beams are lighter in weight than I-beams. Manufacturing principle WeChat, the content is good and worthy of attention.
9. The flange of the I-beam is the variable-wearing surface that is thicker on the web and the outside is thin; the flange of the H-beam is the constant-wearing surface.
10. HW HM HN H is the general term for H-shaped steel, which is welded; HW HM HN is hot-rolled.
11. HW means that the height of the H-section steel and the width of the flange are basically equal; it is mainly used for steel core columns in reinforced concrete frame structure columns, also known as rigid steel columns; in steel structures, it is mainly used for columns.
12. HM is the ratio of the height of the H-shaped steel to the width of the flange is roughly 1.33~~1.75; mainly in steel structures: used as steel frame columns, used as frame beams in frame structures that bear dynamic loads; for example: equipment platforms.
13. HN is the ratio of the height of the H-beam to the width of the flange is greater than or equal to 2; it is mainly used for beams; the use of I-beam is equivalent to that of HN-beam.
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